Structure and Function
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Structure and Function
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Structure and Function - Transcript
Chapter 7 The Cell
Structure and Function
In Elementary School And In This
Class?
• Basic unit of all life
• Characteristic of all life
• Has DNA ( controls hereditary traits)
• Has a nucleus
• Has a cell membrane
The Cell
• Cells make up tissues which make up organs
• Has cytoplasm
• Is microscopic
• There is a plant cell and an animal cell
What Is The Shape Of An Animal
Cell?
• Vary in shape
Nerve Cell ( Neuron)
Pink normal red blood cells
Blue normal white blood cells
Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells ,
Bacteria
Close Up Of Rod Shaped
Bacteria
Human skin ( cell layers)
Human Cardiac Cell
Plant Epidermal (skin) Cell
Human Liver Cell
Chicken Blood Cells
There Are “Unicellular “ Organisms
• Bacteria
• Amoeba
• Paramecium
Organisms Can Be “Multicellular”
• Animals
• Plants
• Many fungi ( mushrooms)
• There are some unicellular fungi such as “yeast”
A Cell Is Like A Factory
• There is a security Guard (Cell Membrane)
• There is a Boss’ Office ( nucleus)
• There is the Boss in the office (DNA)
• Employees (organelles)
Not All Cells Have a Nucleus
• Bacterial cells have no nucleus but they still have
DNA
• Kingdom….Moneran
• Bacteria are “Prokaryotes”
Cells That Have A Nucleus
“Eukaryotes”
• All Animal Cells “Animal Kingdom”
• All Plant Cells “Plant Kingdom”
• All Fungi “Fungus Kingdom”
• All one celled plants and one celled animals
“Protista Kingdom”
All Life Is Classified Into 5
Kingdoms
• Moneran ..unicellular…..no nucleus bacteria
• Protista…..unicellular with nucleus
multicellular with nucleus
• Fungi…….unicellular with nucleus
multicellular with nucleus
• Plant ……..all multicellular with a nucleus
• Animal……all multicellular with a nucleus
Parts of the Animal Cell
• Structures inside the Nucleus
a)Nucleolus
b)Chromosomes
• Structures outside of the Nucleus
a) Cytoplasm
b)Mitochondria
Outside of the Nucleus
c) Attached ribosomes
d) Unattached ribosomes
e) Rough ER
f) Smooth ER
g) Golgi Apparatus
h) Centriole
i) Many Small Vacuoles
j) Lysosomes
Parts of a Plant Cell
• Same as the Animal Cell Except
a) Surrounding the cell membrane is the cell wall
b) Chloroplasts
c) Large Central Vacuole
d) No Centrioles or Lysosomes
• Name the organelle :
a) That makes glucose in a plant cell
b) That produces proteins
c) That stores water
d) That contains DNA
e) That transports lipids throughout the cell
f) That produces energy for the cell
g) That transports lipid throughout the cell
h) That transports proteins throughout the cell
For Track 1
Name the organelle
• That produces antibodies for the white blood cells
• That joins ( bonds) amino acids
• That breaks down ( burns) glucose to produce energy
• That joins glycerol and fatty acids to make a large
specific organic molecule
Cell Membrane (Structure)
• What two carbon compounds make up the cell
membrane?
Protein Functions
• …..identify “self” _________________
…..helps needed material enter the cell membrane
…..proteins on red blood cells
___________________________
…..proteins on the white blood cells enables the white blood cells
_____________________________________
Functions of the Cell Membrane
• Security Guard meaning?
____________________
• Provides protection and support
• Separates the cell from
________________________
Cell Wall
• What large sugar makes up the cell wall?
Functions of Cell Wall
• Not selective on what enters and leaves the plant
cell
• Gives support and protection to the plant cell
Importance of “Diffusion” in Living
Systems
• To Define “diffusion” We need to go back to physical
science
• Matter is made up of _________
• 4 phases of matter:
_______________________________
• Kinetic Energy….energy _____________
• Particles of matter are in motion at room temperature
• What are the names(s) of the particles that make
up matter ?
Diffusion
“Kinetic Energy” will explain diffusion
• Diffusion is the process by
which______________________________
_____________________
Cells Depend on Diffusion
• All life needs water
• Water will diffuse through the cell membrane
from an area of greater to lesser
concentration…”OSMOSIS”
• Osmosis is the diffusion of ________
Osmosis In Cells
Vocabulary Terms to Know
• Passive Transport____________
a) Examples:__________
___________
• Active Transport_____________
Terms Continue
• Endocytosis….process by which
_________________________
Amoeba takes in food by ___________________
• Exocytosis…process by which
_________________________
Terms for Track 1
• Cytolysis:
• Plasmolysis:
• Phagocytosis:












