European Middle Ages, 500 1200

European Middle Ages, 500 1200 - Transcript

European Middle Ages,
500–1200
QUIT
Chapter OverviewChapter vervie
Time LineTi e Line
Visual SummaryVisual Su ary
SECTION Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne 1
SECTION Feudalism in Europe 2
SECTION The Age of Chivalry 3
SECTION The Church Wields Power 4
13
CHAPTER
MAP
GRAPH

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Chapter Overview
After Charlemagne’s empire dissolves,
people look to local leaders for protection
from invaders. Feudalism and knighthood
develop as a result of this need for protection.
Later kings fail to revive Charlemagne’s
empire. They struggle with the Church for
power.
13
CHAPTER European Middle Ages,
500–1200

511 Clovis unites Franks
under Christian rule.
732 Charles Martel
stops Muslim invasion.
800 Charlemagne
crowned emperor
by the pope.
13
CHAPTER
Time Line
500 1200
HOME
European Middle Ages,
500–1200
962 Otto the Great
crowned emperor.
900s Outside
invasions spur growth of
feudalism.
1190 Holy Roman
Empire weakens.

Invasions cause the fall of the Roman Empire,
which is replaced by small kingdoms. The leader
of the Frankish kingdom converts to Christianity.
This religion spreads through western Europe as
the Frankish kingdom expands. Charlemagne
builds the Frankish kingdom into an empire.
Overviewvervie AssessmentAssess ent
Key Idea
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
1
MAP
HOME

MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Many Germanic
kingdoms that
succeeded the Roman
Empire were reunited
under Charlemagne’s
empire.
Charlemagne spread
Christian civilization
through northern Europe,
where it had a permanent
impact.
Overview
1
AssessmentAssessment
• Middle Ages
• Franks
• monastery
• secular
• Carolingian Dynasty
• Charlemagne
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
MAP
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Summarize how each person listed below helped
spread Christianity.
1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
MAP
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
Method of Spreading Christianity
Clovis
Benedict
Gregory I
Charles Martel
Charlemagne
Converted himself and his army
Wrote rule book for monasteries
Extended papal power; blended church and government power
Defeated Muslims at Battle of Tours
Spread Christianity through conquests; was crowned emperor by pope

2. After the fall of the Roman Empire, learning
declined. How was this trend offset during the early
Middle Ages? THINK ABOUT
Section
1
1 Assessment
• the establishment of monasteries
• Charlemagne’s accomplishments
ANSWERANSWER
continued . . .
• Monks opened schools, maintained libraries,
copied books, and wrote scholarly works.
• Charlemagne opened a palace school and
supported learning.
Possible
Responses
:
HOME
MAP
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne

3. How does Charlemagne’s empire in medieval Europe
compare with the Roman Empire? THINK ABOUT
Section
1
1 Assessment
• the extent of the empire
• the spread of Christianity
• how long each empire endured
HOME
MAP
Germanic Kingdoms
Unite Under Charlemagne
ANSWERANSWER
• Charlemagne’s empire covered parts of western
Europe, a much smaller area than the Roman Empire.
• Both empires helped spread Christianity.
• Charlemagne’s empire lasted only 75 years, while the
Roman Empire endured for nearly 600 years.
Possible
Responses
:
End of Section 1

New invasions create chaos in western Europe. People
look to local leaders, rather than to a central ruler, for
protection. The system of feudalism develops, in
which protection is provided in exchange for land or
labor. Social classes become well defined under this
system.
Overviewvervie AssessmentAssess ent
Key Idea
Feudalism in Europe 2
HOME
GRAPH

2
Europeans developed
feudalism, a political
and military system of
protective alliances and
relationships.
The rights and duties of feudal
relationships helped shape
today’s forms of representative
government.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• lord
• fief
• vassal
• knight
• serf
• manor
• tithe
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH

Feudalism in Europe 2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain the reasons why feudalism developed, and
describe its consequences.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Rise of Feudalism
Causes
Effects
Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invasions;
decline of centralized government
Increased emphasis on warfare and the control of land;
well-defined social classes
GRAPH

Feudalism in Europe 2
2. What benefits do you think a medieval manor
provided to the serfs who lived there? What were the
drawbacks? THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• the duties and rights of serfs
• serfs’ living conditions
ANSWERANSWER
Benefits: Fulfilled basic needs for food, shelter, and
protection; provided security and a sense of
belonging to a community
Drawbacks: Limited freedom; backbreaking labor;
no awareness of the outside world; poor living
conditions
HOME
Possible
Responses
:
End of Section 2
GRAPH

Feudal lords create private armies of knights,
who live by a complex set of ideals that guide
behavior. Warfare is brutal, but poems idealize
the life of a knight. In literature and songs,
women are glorified as objects of romantic
love. In reality most women are powerless.
Overviewvervie AssessmentAssess ent
Key Idea
The Age of Chivalry 3
HOME

The code of chivalry for
knights glorified combat
and romantic love.
Chivalry has shaped
modern ideas of romance
in Western cultures.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• chivalry
• tournament
• troubadour
3
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
The Age of Chivalry

3
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List ideas associated with chivalry.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
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The Age of Chivalry
war games
for glory
Christian faith
courtesyloyalty
courtly love
epic poems
women on pedestal
courage
horses as
status symbols
Chivalry

3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
Helped women: Showed new respect and admiration; made the
love between men and women more important; offset Church’s
dim view of women
Hindered women: Fostered unrealistic visions of women;
encouraged a distant admiration of women instead of a respect
for women’s abilities and ideas; valued unrequited love over
relationships or marriage; applied to very few women
Possible
Responses
:
2. Do you think the idea of romantic love helped or
hindered women? Why? THINK ABOUT
• pros and cons of placing women on a “pedestal”
• the Church’s view of women
• the lyrics of love songs quoted in the text
continued . . .
HOME
The Age of Chivalry

3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• taught boys about courtesy and honor
• softened the brutality of a warlike society
• created guidelines for social behavior
• encouraged the virtues of loyalty, faith, and bravery
• inspired great literature
Possible
Responses
:
3. What positive effects might the code of chivalry have
had on feudal society? THINK ABOUT
• the ideals of chivalry
• the education of a knight
End of Section 3
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The Age of Chivalry
• the importance of religious faith
• the violence and constant warfare during the Middle Ages

German kings’ attempts to revive Charlemagne’s
empire and his alliance with the Church by
invading Italy fail. The Church resents the power
German kings have to appoint church officials.
Overviewvervie AssessmentAssess ent
Key Idea
The Church
Wields Power
4
HOME

Church leaders and
political leaders
competed for power and
authority.
Today many religious
leaders still voice their
opinions on political
issues.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• clergy
• sacrament
• canon law
• Holy Roman Empire
• lay investiture
The Church
Wields Power
4
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
The dates below were significant during the Holy Roman
Empire. Explain the importance of each date shown.
The Church
Wields Power
4
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
HOME
936 1077 1190
962 1122
Otto I crowned
king.
Otto I crowned
emperor.
Henry IV’s journey to
Canossa
(power struggle)
Concordat of Worms
(power struggle)
Frederick I’s empire
breaks up into feudal
states.

Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
2. Do you think the Concordat of Worms was a fair
compromise for both the emperor and the Church?
Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
• the Church’s authority in spiritual matters
The Church
Wields Power
4
• the emperor’s political power
Yes. It gave the Church the right to appoint bishops.
No. The emperor still had ultimate control over the
appointment of bishops.
Possible
Responses
:
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• the problems that remained unresolved
End of Section 4