The Age of Absolutism

The Age of Absolutism - Transcript

Chapter 17, Section
Chapter 17
The Age of Absolutism
(1550–1800)
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
World History: Connection to Today
Chapter 17, Section
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Chapter 17: The Age of Absolutism
(1550–1800)
Section 1: Extending Spanish Power
Section 2: France Under Louis XIV
Section 3: Triumph of Parliament in England
Section 4: Rise of Austria and Prussia
Section 5: Absolute Monarchy in Russia
World History: Connection to Today
Chapter 17, Section
Extending Spanish Power
• How did Spanish power increase under
Charles V and Philip II?
• How did the arts flourish during Spain’s
golden age?
• Why did the Spanish economy decline in the
1600s?
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Chapter 17, Section
How Did Spanish Power Increase Under Charles V and Philip II?
In 1519, Charles V inherited a
huge empire. He became king
of Spain and was also the heir to
the Hapsburg empire.
Ruling two empires involved
Charles in constant warfare.
Eventually, Charles gave up his
titles and divided his empire.
During his 42-year reign, Philip
worked to expand Spanish
influence, strengthen the Catholic
Church, and make his own power
absolute.
Philip reigned as an absolute
monarch- a ruler with complete
authority over the government
and lives of the people.
He asserted that he ruled by divine
right-belief that authority to rule
comes directly from God.
Philip saw himself as guardian of
the Roman Catholic Church.
Philip fought many wars as he
attempted to advance Spanish
Catholic power.
CHARLES V PHILIP II
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Chapter 17, Section
The Wars of Philip II, 1571–1588
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Chapter 17, Section
Spain’s Golden Age
Lope de Vega wrote more
than 1,500 plays, including
witty comedies and action-
packed romances.
Miguel de Cervantes wrote
Don Quixote, the first
modern novel in Europe.
El Greco produced
haunting religious
pictures, dramatic views
of the city of Toledo, and
striking portraits of
Spanish nobles.
Diego Velázquez painted
vivid portraits of Spanish
royalty.
WRITERSPAINTERS
The century from 1550 to 1650 is often called Spain’s siglo de
oro, or “golden century,” for the brilliance of its arts and
literature.
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Chapter 17, Section
Economic Decline
LACK OF STRONG LEADERSHIP
• The successors of Philip II were far less able leaders than he.
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
• Costly overseas wars drained wealth out of Spain almost as
fast as it came in.
• Treasure from the Americas led Spain to neglect farming and
commerce.
• The expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain deprived the
economy of many skilled artisans and merchants.
• American gold and silver led to soaring inflation.
In the 1600s, Spanish power and prosperity slowly declined.
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Chapter 17, Section
Which of the following was not a cause for Spain’s economic decline?
a) costly overseas wars
b) the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain
c) lack of strong leadership
d) a decrease in the amount of money in circulation
Who painted views of the city of Toledo and portraits of Spanish nobles?
a) El Greco
b) Cervantes
c) Velázquez
d) Lope de Vega
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1
Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 17, Section 1
Which of the following was not a cause for Spain’s economic decline?
a) costly overseas wars
b) the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain
c) lack of strong leadership
d) a decrease in the amount of money in circulation
Who painted views of the city of Toledo and portraits of Spanish nobles?
a) El Greco
b) Cervantes
c) Velázquez
d) Lope de Vega
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Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 17, Section
France Under Louis XIV
• How did France rebuild after its wars of
religion?
• How did Louis XIV strengthen royal power?
• What successes and failures did Louis XIV
experience?
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Chapter 17, Section
Rebuilding France
From the 1560s to the 1590s, religious wars between
Huguenots (French Protestants) and the Catholic
majority tore France apart.
To protect Protestants, Henry IV issued the Edict of
Nantes, which granted Huguenots religious toleration
and let them fortify their own towns and cities.
Henry then set out to heal the shattered land. Under
Henry, the government reached into every aspect of
French life.
By building the royal bureaucracy and reducing the
power of the nobility, Henry laid the foundations for royal
absolutism.
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Chapter 17, Section
How Did Louis XIV Strengthen Royal Power?
Louis took the sun as the symbol of his absolute power and
was often quoted as saying, “L’etat, c’est moi”—“I am the
state.”
During his 72-year reign, Louis did not once call a meeting of
the Estates General.
Louis expanded the bureaucracy and appointed intendants,
royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and
carried out Louis’s policies in the provinces.

Louis created the strongest army in Europe, which he used to
enforce his policies at home and abroad.
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Chapter 17, Section
Palace of Versailles
• Palace of Versailles pictures
• Louis turned a hunting lodge into a ¼ mile 1300
room Palace.
– As many as 10,000 people lived there
• Used Palace as a way of lessening the power
of the nobles
– Levee ceremony
Chapter 17, Section
Successes and Failures of Louis XIV
Louis greatly strengthened
royal power.
The French army became the
strongest in Europe.
France became the wealthiest
state in Europe.
French culture, manners, and
customs became the
European standard.
The arts flourished in France.
Louis engaged in costly wars
that had disastrous results.
Rival rulers joined forces to
check French ambitions.
Louis persecuted the
Huguenots, causing many to
flee France. Their departure
was a huge blow to the
French economy.
SUCCESSES FAILURES
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Chapter 17, Section
What was the purpose of the Edict of Nantes?
a) It granted religious toleration to Catholics.
b) It granted religious toleration to the Huguenots.
c) It granted religious toleration to Jews.
d) It granted religious toleration to Muslims.
Which is an example of how Louis XIV strengthened royal power?
a) He disbanded the French military.
b) He met regularly with the Estates General.
c) He appointed intendants to carry out his policies.
d) He increased the power of the nobility.
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2
Section 2 Assessment
Chapter 17, Section 2
What was the purpose of the Edict of Nantes?
a) It granted religious toleration to Catholics.
b) It granted religious toleration to the Huguenots.
c) It granted religious toleration to Jews.
d) It granted religious toleration to Muslims.
Which is an example of how Louis XIV strengthened royal power?
a) He disbanded the French military.
b) He met regularly with the Estates General.
c) He appointed intendants to carry out his policies.
d) He increased the power of the nobility.
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Section 2 Assessment
Chapter 17, Section
Triumph of Parliament in England
• How did the Tudors and Stuarts differ in their
relations with Parliament?
• How did the English Civil War lead to the rise
of the Commonwealth?
• What were the causes and results of the
Glorious Revolution?
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Chapter 17, Section
Events in England, 1603 – 1689
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Chapter 17, Section
The Tudors and the Stuarts
When he broke with the
Roman Catholic Church or
when he needed funds,
Henry VIII consulted
Parliament.
Elizabeth both consulted and
controlled Parliament.
When he needed funds,
James I dissolved Parliament
and collected taxes on his
own.
Charles I ignored the Petition
of Right, dissolved
Parliament, and ruled the
nation for 11 years without it.
The Tudors believed in divine
right, but also recognized the
value of good relations with
Parliament.
The Stuarts believed in
divine right and repeatedly
clashed with Parliament.
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Chapter 17, Section
The English Civil War
The English Civil War pitted supporters of
Charles I against the forces of Parliament, under
Oliver Cromwell.
– Cavaliers v. Roundheads
• Or the Long hair v. the short hair
Cromwell’s army defeated the forces of the king.
Parliament put Charles on trial and condemned
him to death as “a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and
public enemy.”
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Chapter 17, Section
Execution of a King
• After the execution of Charles I, the House of
Commons abolished the monarchy, the
House of Lords, and the official Church of
England.
• It declared England a republic, known as the
Commonwealth, under the leadership of
Oliver Cromwell.
• Sent a clear signal that, in England, no ruler
could claim absolute power and ignore the
rule of law.
Chapter 17, Section
The Glorious Revolution
James II angered his subjects and clashed with
Parliament.
– tried to restore Catholic church and
absolutism.
•Parliamentary leaders invited William and Mary
to become rulers of England.
•When William and Mary landed in England,
James II fled to France.
•This bloodless overthrow of a king became
known as the Glorious Revolution.
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Chapter 17, Section
William and Mary
Before they could be crowned, William and
Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights,
which:
• ensured superiority of Parliament over the
monarchy.
• gave the House of Commons “power of the
purse.”
• prohibited a monarch from interfering with
Parliament.
• barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on
the throne.
• restated the rights of English citizens.
Chapter 17, Section
Limited Monarchy
The Glorious Revolution did not create
democracy, but a type of government called
limited monarchy, in which a constitution or
legislative body limits the monarch’s powers.
Chapter 17, Section
When the Tudor monarchs needed funds, they
a) dissolved Parliament.
b) consulted with Parliament.
c) raised their own money.
d) borrowed money from France.
Who came to power in England during the Glorious Revolution?
a) Charles I
b) James II
c) William and Mary
d) Elizabeth I
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3
Section 3 Assessment
Chapter 17, Section 3
When the Tudor monarchs needed funds, they
a) dissolved Parliament.
b) consulted with Parliament.
c) raised their own money.
d) borrowed money from France.
Who came to power in England during the Glorious Revolution?
a) Charles I
b) James II
c) William and Mary
d) Elizabeth I
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Section 3 Assessment
Chapter 17, Section
Absolute Monarchy in Russia
• How did Peter the Great try to make Russia
into a modern state?
• What steps did Peter take to expand
Russia’s borders?
• How did Catherine the Great strengthen
Russia?
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Chapter 17, Section
Peter the Great
Peter the Great was committed to a
policy of westernization in Russia.
However, persuading Russians to
change their way of life proved
difficult. To impose his will, Peter
became the most autocratic of
Europe’s absolute monarchs. During
his reign he:
• forced the boyars, or landowning nobles, to serve the state.
• imported western technology and culture.
• insisted that the boyars shave their beards and wear western-style clothing.
• used autocratic methods to push through social and economic reforms.
• imposed policies which caused the spread of serfdom.
• brought all Russian institutions under his control.
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Chapter 17, Section
Peter the Great
Chapter 17, Section
Expansion Under Peter
Peter created the largest standing army in Europe and set out to extend
Russian borders to the west and south.
Peter unsuccessfully fought the Ottomans in an attempt to gain a warm-water port for Russia.
Peter engaged in a long war with Sweden, and eventually won land
along the Baltic Sea. On land won from Sweden, Peter built a
magnificent new capital city, St. Petersburg.
Peter hired a navigator to explore what became known as the Bering
Strait between Siberia and Alaska.
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Chapter 17, Section
St. Petersburg







Chapter 17, Section
Catherine the Great
An efficient, energetic empress, who ruled in the tradition of absolute monarchs, Catherine:
• reorganized the provincial
government, codified laws, and began
state-sponsored education for boys and
girls.
• embraced and encouraged Western
ideas and culture.
• gained a warm-water port on the
Black Sea.
• agreed to partition Poland and
gained the eastern portion.
• granted special privileges to the
boyars.
• allowed the boyars to increase their
control of the peasants and repressed
peasant rebellions.
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Chapter 17, Section
Expansion of Russia, 1689 – 1796
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Chapter 17, Section
Section 5 Assessment
Peter the Great was unable to
a) defeat Sweden and win lands along the Baltic Sea.
b) obtain a warm-water port for Russia.
c) build his new capital city.
d) obtain lands north of Manchuria.
During her reign, Catherine the Great
a) granted economic rights to peasants in Russia.
b) granted political rights to peasants in Russia.
c) came to the aid of peasants who were rebelling against the
boyars.
d) allowed the boyars to increase their control of the peasants.
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5
Chapter 17, Section 5
Peter the Great was unable to
a) defeat Sweden and win lands along the Baltic Sea.
b) obtain a warm-water port for Russia.
c) build his new capital city.
d) obtain lands north of Manchuria.
During her reign, Catherine the Great
a) granted economic rights to peasants in Russia.
b) granted political rights to peasants in Russia.
c) came to the aid of peasants who were rebelling against the
boyars.
d) allowed the boyars to increase their control of the peasants.
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Section 5 Assessment