Revolution and Nationalism 1900 1939

Revolution and Nationalism 1900 1939 - Transcript

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Revolution and Nationalism 1900 1939
Chapter Overview Chapter Overview Time Line Time Line
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1 Revolutions in Russia 2 Patterns of Change Totalitarianism 3 Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule 4 Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Visual Summary Visual Summary

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CHAPTER

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Revolution and Nationalism 1900 1939

Chapter Overview

Social unrest in Russia erupts in revolution Under Stalin the U S S R becomes a totalitarian state After the Qing dynasty falls Chinese Nationalists and Communists clash World War I fuels nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

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Revolution and Nationalism 1900 1939
Time Line

1905 Russian workers protest asking for better conditions

1920 Gandhi leads 1929 Stalin 1935 India gains Indian campaign of civil exiles Trotsky self rule disobedience from Soviet Union

1900

1939

1912 Chinese Nationalist oust the last Qing emperor

1923 Turkey becomes a republic under Mustafa Kemal

1934 Mao Zedong heads Long March

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Revolutions in Russia

Key Idea
The Russian Revolutions of 1917 end czarist rule and usher in the first communist government Lenin seizes power and launches major economic and political reforms

Overview Overview

Assessment Assessment

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Revolutions in Russia

TERMS NAMES

Overview

pogrom Trans Siberian Railway

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Bolsheviks V I Lenin Duma Rasputin provisional government soviet

Long term social unrest in Russia erupted in revolution ushering in the first Communist government

The Communist Party controlled the Soviet Union until the country s breakup in 1991

Assessment Assessment

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Revolutions in Russia

Section

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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts List significant events during the last phases of czarist rule and the beginning of Communist rule
1891
Construction of the TransSiberian Railroad begins

1917
Russian Revolution ends czarist rule

1922
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is formed

1894
Nicholas II becomes the last Russian czar

1921
Lenin launches New Economic Policy

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Revolutions in Russia

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Assessment

2 What do you think were Czar Nicholas II s worst errors in judgment during his rule Why THINK ABOUT the czar s military decisions the political outcome of Bloody Sunday
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Involvement in the Russo Japanese War the czar s refusal to share power with the Duma Russia s entry into World War I and the czar s change of headquarters to the war front all paved the way to revolution and the end of czarist rule
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Revolutions in Russia

Section

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Assessment

3 Why was Lenin s leadership crucial to the success of the Russian Revolution THINK ABOUT Lenin s personal traits his slogan Peace Land and Bread his role in organizing the Bolsheviks his role after the Revolution
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Lenin was able to win and maintain power because of his energetic disciplined leadership his awareness of the demands of various groups in Russian society his careful planning and his ability to tackle difficult problems and crises

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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia

PATTERNS OF CHANGE

MAP

Key Idea
After Lenin s death Stalin transforms the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state He revolutionizes the economy and uses terror propaganda and censorship to maintain power

Overview Overview

Assessment Assessment

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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia

PATTERNS OF CHANGE

MAP

TERMS NAMES

Overview

Joseph Stalin totalitarianism

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

command economy collective farm kulak Great Purge socialist realism

After Lenin died Stalin seized power and transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state

More recent dictators have used Stalin s tactics for seizing total control over individuals and the state

Assessment Assessment

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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia

PATTERNS OF CHANGE

MAP

Section

2

Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Cite examples from Stalinist Russia for each weapon of totalitarianism listed below
Weapons
Police Terror Propaganda Censorship Religious Persecution

Examples
Great Purge execution of kulaks Socialist realism training of youth Government controlled media Destruction of buildings elimination of leadership

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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia

PATTERNS OF CHANGE

MAP

Section

2

Assessment

2 How do totalitarian states and constitutional governments differ THINK ABOUT the chart explaining the key traits of totalitarianism what you have learned about constitutional government in the United States what you learned about the Soviet Constitution
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Totalitarian centralized under one leader control all sectors of society and people s lives rely on force and propaganda Democratic separation of powers run by elected leaders allow private ownership and freedom maintain military for defense

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3

Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule

Key Idea
In 1912 Chinese nationalists overthrow the Qing dynasty and establish a new republic Civil war erupts as Nationalists and Communists vie for control of China

Overview Overview

Assessment Assessment

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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
TERMS NAMES

Overview

Kuomintang Sun Yixian

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Mao Zedong May Fourth Movement Long March

After the fall of the Qing dynasty nationalist and Communist movements struggled for power

The seeds of China s late20th century political thought communism were planted at this time

Assessment Assessment

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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
Section

3

Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Compare and contrast Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong
Jiang Party Key Supporters Reforms Military Actions
Nationalist Bankers and business people Launched programs to modernize cities Defeated warlords

Mao
Communist

Peasants Divided land among local farmers Established Red Army

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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
Section

3

Assessment

2 What influence did foreign nations have on China from 1912 to 1938 THINK ABOUT the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles the role of the Soviet Union the temporary truce during the Chinese civil war
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

The Treaty of Versailles triggered the May Fourth Movement Western democracies refused to support Sun s government but the Soviet Union did Great Britain and United States recognized the Nationalist Republic of China Japan s invasion of China united Jiang s and Mao s forces
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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
Section

3

Assessment

3 What caused the Communist revolutionary movement in China to gain strength THINK ABOUT Jiang s government and policies the Soviet Union s influence the conditions of rural peasants Mao s role and achievements
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Failures of the Kuomintang Corruption in Jiang s government Soviet Union s involvement in Chinese affairs Poverty of peasants Mao s strong leadership
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4

Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

GRAPH

Key Idea
World War I heightens nationalist activity and independence movements to overthrow colonial power Gandhi uses nonviolent tactics to free India from British rule Turkey Persia and Arabia also seek self rule
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
TERMS NAMES

GRAPH

Overview

Mohandas K Gandhi civil disobedience

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Mustafa Kemal

Nationalism triggered independence movements to overthrow colonial power

These independent nations India Turkey Iran and Saudi Arabia are key players on the world stage today

Assessment Assessment

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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Describe the different forms of nationalism that developed in the Asian countries listed below
India
Nationalists use nonviolent methods to work for independence from British rule Nationalists free Persia from British and Russian rule Reza Shah changes country s name to Iran

Persia

Forms of Nationalism 1900 1939

Turkey
Nationalists overthrow last Ottoman sultan Kemal seeks Westernstyle modernization

Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud unifies the nation and creates a state based on Islamic law

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4

Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
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4

Assessment

2 What do you think a nation might gain and lose by modernizing THINK ABOUT what positive changes occurred in Turkey and Iran why modernization was limited in Saudi Arabia why Kemal set rules for clothing why Gandhi wore only homespun cloth
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Gains increased economic and political power greater acceptance and respect from Western nations equal rights for women Losses a unique sense of cultural identity traditional values and ways of life
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