People and Empires in the Americas 900 1500

People and Empires in the Americas 900 1500 - Transcript

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People and Empires in the Americas 900 1500
Chapter Overview Chapter Overview Time Line Time Line
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1 Diverse Societies of North America 2 Mayan Kings and Cities 3 The Aztecs Control Central Mexico 4 The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Visual Summary Visual Summary

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CHAPTER

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People and Empires in the Americas 900 1500

Chapter Overview

In the Americas Native American Mayan Aztec and Inca civilizations develop prior to the arrival of the Europeans These civilizations reflecting their geographic diversity all develop sophisticated social political and economic institutions

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People and Empires in the Americas 900 1500
Time Line

500s Teotihuacan reaches population peak in central Mexico

900 Classic period of Mayan civilization ends

1325 Aztecs build Tenochtitlan

1502 Montezuma II crowned Aztec emperor

500

1500

800 Anasazi culture develops in the Southwest

1100 Mississippian culture thrives at Cahokia

1438 Pachacuti becomes Inca emperor

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Diverse Societies of North America

Key Idea
The dwellings and characteristics of Native American cultures such as the Pueblos and Mound Builders reflect their different environments Common patterns of trade religion and social structure link diverse Native American peoples
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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Diverse Societies of North America
TERMS NAMES

Overview

potlatch Anasazi

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

pueblos Mississippian Iroquois totems

Complex North American societies were linked to each other through culture and economics

Traditions and ideas from these cultures became part of the cultures of North America

Assessment Assessment

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Diverse Societies of North America
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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Compare and contrast Native Americans of the Northwest Coast and the Southwest

Southwest Irrigated desert lands used pottery built cliff dwellings pueblos kivas

Both Believed in nature spirits believed in Great Spirit believed land was for everyone sought harmony with nature felt family was the basic unit

Northwest Coast Gathered food and hunted fished differences in wealth created social classes had potlatches

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Diverse Societies of North America
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Assessment

2 In what ways did the peoples of North America share similar cultural patterns THINK ABOUT how the people viewed the environment the role of family in their lives religion
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Response

Most of the native people shared a love of the earth valued the family unit believed in the Great Spirit and used totems
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Diverse Societies of North America
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Assessment

3 What evidence is there that societies in North America interacted with each other THINK ABOUT how goods were obtained ways to defend against enemies what kinds of evidence historians find and consider valid
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Possible Responses

Cultural groups throughout North America traded for goods they needed Groups established alliances such as the Iroquois League for defense Artifacts ruins and stories offer evidence of such interaction
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Mayan Kings and Cities

Key Idea
Mayan civilization flourishes in Mesoamerica during the first millennium A D Mayan cities and farms religious practices and achievements reflect a highly advanced culture By the 900s however the Maya are in decline
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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Mayan Kings and Cities

TERMS NAMES

Overview

Tikal glyph

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

codex Popol Vuh

The Maya developed a highly complex civilization based on city states controlled by dynasties of kings

Descendants of the Maya still occupy the same territory

Assessment Assessment

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Mayan Kings and Cities

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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts List details to support the following main idea The Maya developed a highly complex civilization in Mesoamerica You may want to review the characteristics of a civilization found in Chapter 1
The Maya developed a highly complex civilization in Mesoamerica
They built spectacular city states ruled by dynasties of god kings Developed sophisticated farming methods

Created huge architectural sites

Created a complex religious system

Developed advanced mathematics astronomy and writing systems

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Mayan Kings and Cities

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Assessment

2 How important do you think the development of advanced mathematics was in the creation of the Mayan calendar THINK ABOUT how records are kept over long periods of time the need for numbers larger than 20 the need for precision
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Response

Advanced mathematics was critical to the development of the Mayan calendar The Maya needed a system of mathematics to record celestial movements over the years to handle large numbers and to calculate the solar and lunar year with great precision

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3

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico

Key Idea
In the Valley of Mexico the Aztecs emerge in the 1200s building on the foundations of earlier cultures They conquer neighboring states to create the largest empire in Mesoamerica By the 1500s the empire begins to unravel
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
TERMS NAMES

Overview

obsidian Quetzalcoatl

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Triple Alliance Montezuma II

Through alliances and conquest the Aztecs created a powerful empire in Mexico

This time period saw the origins of one of the 20th century s most populous cities Mexico City

Assessment Assessment

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The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Describe the main events that led to the establishment and growth of the Aztec Empire
Arrive in Valley of Mexico

Build Tenochtitlan

Form the Triple Alliance

Conquer many lands

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The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
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Assessment

2 How did the Aztec need for victims for sacrifice lead to problems controlling the empire THINK ABOUT reactions of the conquered peoples changes in army tactics
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Possible Responses

Demands for victims for sacrifice aroused the hatred of the conquered peoples The goal of the army was to capture their enemies not kill them After a time a number of provinces rebelled against Aztec rule
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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
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Key Idea
In the Peruvian Andes the Inca in the 1400s establish the largest empire in the Americas They create a highly controlled economy and an official religion In the early 1500s civil war weakens the empire
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
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TERMS NAMES

Overview

Pachacuti ayllu

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

mita quipu

The Inca built a vast empire supported by taxes governed by a bureaucracy and linked by extensive road systems

The Inca system of government was similar to some socialist governments in the 20th century

Assessment Assessment

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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
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1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Explain the methods the Inca used to build a vast empire and unify it under their control
Subject peoples kept their rulers and customs

The Inca built a vast empire which was largely unified under their control

Incan cities built in conquered lands

Economic activity controlled

Extensive road system built

Single official language used

Incan schools founded

Empire s units ruled by central Bureaucracy

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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
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Assessment

2 Why do you think the Inca used the ayllu system as the basis for governing the people of the empire
THINK ABOUT

ways to control a large empire the ease of using a system that already existed
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

The system was already in place It allowed the Inca to organize thousands of people into manageable units People viewed it as a traditional practice
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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
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Assessment

3 What were advantages and disadvantages of the Incan welfare state
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Possible Responses

Advantages All people cared for during good and bad times offered stability Disadvantages High taxes forced labor for the state no private economic activity limited opportunity for advancement less freedom

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