Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500 1800

Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500 1800 - Transcript

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Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500 1800
Chapter Overview Chapter Overview Time Line Time Line
MAP SECTION SECTION SECTION

1 Spain s Empire and European Absolutism 2 France s Ultimate Monarch 3 Central European Monarchs Clash 4 Russian Czars Increase Power 5 Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Visual Summary Visual Summary

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21

Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500 1800

Chapter Overview

From 1500 to 1800 absolute monarchs rule in Europe In countries such as Spain and France rulers wield great power and build major monuments to their rule In countries such as England and the Netherlands constitutional law limits royal power

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Absolute Monarchs in Europe 1500 1800
Time Line

1533 Ivan the Terrible begins to rule Russia

1643 Louis XIV begins to rule France

1697 Peter the Great begins European tour He later built St Petersburg to rival European capitals

1500

1800

1579 Netherlands declares independence from Spain

1649 Puritans under Oliver Cromwell execute English King

1756 Frederick the Great begins Seven Years War

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Spain s Empire and European Absolutism

MAP

Key Idea
In the 1500s Philip II of Spain becomes the strongest ruler in Europe helping establish absolute monarchy But in time Spain weakens and the Netherlands breaks away from Spanish rule
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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Spain s Empire and European Absolutism
TERMS NAMES

MAP

Overview

Philip II absolute monarch

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

divine right

During a time of religious and economic instability Philip II ruled Spain with a strong hand

When faced with crises many heads of government take on additional economic or political powers

Assessment Assessment

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Spain s Empire and European Absolutism
Section

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Assessment

1 List the conditions that allowed European monarchs to gain power Then list the ways they exercised their increased power
Rise of cities Growth of national kingdoms Growth of middle class Revolts Absolute Monarch Wealth of colonies Breakdown of Church authority Decline of feudalism Economic and religious crises

Reduced power of nobles and representative bodies Regulated worship social gatherings and economy

Created new government bureaucracies Increased size of court

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Spain s Empire and European Absolutism
Section

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1

Assessment

2 What does the art described in this section reveal about the cultures of Spain and the Netherlands THINK ABOUT what the art of Vel zquez and El Greco reveals about Spain what the art of Rembrandt and Vermeer reveals about the Netherlands
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Vel zquez showed pride of Spanish monarchs El Greco showed Catholic faith in Spain Rembrandt and Vermeer showed the importance of merchants civic leaders and the middle class in the Netherlands

End of Section 1

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France s Ultimate Monarch

Key Idea
Religious wars plague France in the 1500s With the rise of Louis XIV France becomes Europe s most powerful nation Louis s rule extends French power and prestige but he leads the country into crippling wars
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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France s Ultimate Monarch
TERMS NAMES

Overview

Edict of Nantes Cardinal Richelieu

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

skepticism Louis XIV intendant Jean Baptiste Colbert War of the Spanish Succession

After a century of war and riots France was ruled by Louis XIV the most powerful monarch of his time

Louis used his power to build a great palace and sponsor art that is part of France s cultural legacy

Assessment Assessment

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France s Ultimate Monarch
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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts List the major events of Louis XIV s reign

1643

1648 1653

1661

1667

1672

1685

1701 1713

1715

Louis becomes king

Riots disrupt France

Louis starts rule

Louis Louis invades the invades the Dutch Spanish Netherlands Netherlands

Louis voids Edict of Nantes

Louis fights War of Spanish Succession

Louis dies

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France s Ultimate Monarch
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Assessment

2 Many historians think of Louis XIV as the perfect example of an absolute monarch Do you agree Explain why or why not THINK ABOUT the description of an absolute monarch at the end of Section 1 the ways in which Louis XIV fits that description any ways in which Louis XIV does not fit the description
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Response

Yes regulated worship by voiding Edict of Nantes weakened nobility by using intendants and making nobles live at court built palace to show power used mercantilist policies to control economy

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France s Ultimate Monarch
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Assessment

3 How did the policies of Colbert and Louis XIV affect the French economy Explain both positive and negative effects THINK ABOUT Colbert s attempts to make France self sufficient what happened when Louis cancelled the Edict of Nantes the cost of Versailles and wars
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Colbert s mercantilism helped economy by building up and protecting French industries Louis XIV helped economy by using Colbert s policies but hurt it by voiding Edict of Nantes which drove out Huguenots and by taxing and spending to fund building and wars

End of Section 2

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3

Central European Monarchs Clash

Key Idea
Central Europe also becomes the scene of devastating wars The most destructive conflict the Thirty Years War severely weakens the Holy Roman Empire Afterward Austria and Prussia struggle for power
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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Central European Monarchs Clash
TERMS NAMES

Overview

Thirty Years War Maria Theresa

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Frederick the Great Seven Years War

After a period of turmoil absolute monarchs ruled Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia

Prussia built a strong military tradition in Germany that contributed in part to world wars in the 20th century

Assessment Assessment

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Central European Monarchs Clash
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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts Compare Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great
Points of Comparison Years of reign Foreign policy Maria Theresa 1740 1780 Allied with former enemy France Lost Silesia in War of Austrian Succession and did not regain it in Seven Years War Imposed limits on nobility Frederick the Great 1740 1786 Allied with Austria s former ally Britain Gained Silesia in War of Austrian Succession and neither gained nor lost in Seven Years War Followed his father s military policies

Success in war

Steps to become absolute monarchs

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Central European Monarchs Clash
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3

Assessment

2 Name several ways that the Peace of Westphalia laid the foundations of modern Europe THINK ABOUT religious effects diplomatic effects political effects
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

ended religious wars allowing Europe to split into Catholic and Protestant areas weakened Holy Roman Empire recognized Europe as collection of independent states began modern way of negotiating
End of Section 3

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4

Russian Czars Increase Power

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Key Idea
Russian rulers begin to dominate the nobility in the 16th and 17th centuries Under Peter the Great Russia opens up to the West and becomes a key European power

Overview Overview

Assessment Assessment

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Russian Czars Increase Power
TERMS NAMES

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Overview

Ivan the Terrible boyars

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Peter the Great westernization

Peter the Great made many changes in Russia to try to make it more like western Europe

Many Russians today debate whether to model themselves on the West or to focus on traditional Russian culture

Assessment Assessment

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Russian Czars Increase Power
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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts List the important events of Peter the Great s reign
Had St Petersburg built

Visited western Europe

Peter the Great

Took control of church

Reduced power of landowners

Modernized army

Fought Sweden for Baltic land

Tried to westernize Russia

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4

Russian Czars Increase Power
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Assessment

2 Do you think Ivan the Terrible or Peter the Great was more of an absolute monarch Explain the standards by which you made your decision THINK ABOUT ways that each increased the power of the Russian czar long term effects of each one s rule
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

Ivan Took title czar which means caesar expanded Russia gave law code organized his own police force persecuted boyars created new class of nobles Aimed to increase and protect his own power more than to improve Russia Peter Took control of church reduced power of landowners strengthened army imposed heavy taxes forced nobles to move to St Petersburg Made reforms whether people continued wanted them or not

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Russian Czars Increase Power
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Assessment

3 Which of Peter the Great s actions reveal that he saw himself as the highest authority in Russia Explain
THINK ABOUT

steps he took to reduce the authority of others actions that overturned traditional sources of authority in Russia
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

showed he saw himself above church by taking control of it showed he saw himself above nobility by weakening it and forcing it to westernize showed he saw himself above tradition by forcing Western customs on Russia
End of Section 4

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5

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Key Idea
English kings battle Parliament for power in the 1600s leading to civil war Parliament wins and a Puritan government is formed The monarchy is later restored but its power is limited by law
Overview Overview Assessment Assessment

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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
TERMS NAMES

Overview

Charles I English Civil War

MAIN IDEA

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

Oliver Cromwell Restoration habeas corpus Glorious Revolution constitutional monarchy cabinet

Absolute rulers in England were overthrown and Parliament gained power

Many of the government reforms of this period contributed to the democratic tradition of the United States

Assessment Assessment

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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Section

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Assessment

1 Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts List the causes of each monarch s conflict with Parliament

Monarch
James I

Conflicts with Parliament
Believed in divine right to rule Wanted large funds to pay for court and wars Did not make Puritan reforms Wanted funds to finance wars Tried to force all subjects to be Anglican Resisted Parliament s attempts to restrict his power Flaunted his faith Named Catholics to high office

Charles I

James II

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Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
Section

5

Assessment

2 In your opinion which decisions of Charles I made his conflict with Parliament worse Explain
THINK ABOUT

decisions that lost him the support of Parliament decisions that lost him the support of his people
ANSWER ANSWER

Possible Responses

He alienated Parliament by dissolving it ignoring Petition of Right and trying to arrest Parliamentary leaders He alienated his subjects by imposing fines and fees on them and trying to force them all to be Anglican

End of Section 5