mobile system generations umts beyond

mobile system generations umts beyond - Transcript

UMTS and Beyond

Prof Hamid Aghvami Centre for Telecommunications Research King s College London Wireless Multimedia Communications Ltd

Mobile System Generations


First Generation 1G mobile systems were designed to offer a single service i e speech Second Generation 2G mobile systems were also designed primarily to offer speech with a limited capability to offer data at low rates Third Generation 3G mobile systems are expected to offer high quality multi media services and operate in different environments 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS in Europe and International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 IMT2000 worldwide







UMTS
UMTS will be a mobile communications system that can offer significant user benefits including high quality wireless multimedia services to a convergent network of fixed cellular and satellite components It will deliver information directly to users and provide them with access to new and innovative services and applications It will offer mobile personalised communications to the mass market regardless of location network and terminal used UMTS Forum 1997

UMTS Main Requirements 3 Ms
Multi media Multi environment Multi operator

Virtual operators

Mobile Multimedia Services
Mobile Multimedia
2M 384K Video Conference High quality Video Conference Low quality

Broadcast
Information Distribution Services News Weather forecast Traffic information Mobile Radio

Internet Access

Remote medical service Medical image

Database Access Video Catalog shopping Video on demand Sports News Movies ISDN Karaoke Mobile TV

64K

WWW e mail
Electronic Newspaper Voice Mail Electronic Publishing

32K 16K
Telephone Conference

ftp IP telephony etc

pager

Sports information Leisure Information

9 6K 2 4K 1 2K

Telephone

Electronic Mail

FAX

Image Data Voice

Symmetric

Asymmetric

Multicast

Point to Point

Multi Point

Different Environments for UMTS

G lobal

S uburban M icro Cell M acro Cell

U rban In Building H ome Cell Pico Cell

First phase of UMTS


Europe has decided to adopt an evolutionary approach for the UMTS core network based on migration from the GSM GPRS infrastructure For the actual air interface a revolutionary approach has been chosen That is a new radio air interface for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access UTRA There is another parallel activity concerning the UMTS air interface using an evolutionary approach an intermediate approach





Radio Access
Dual mode Evolved GSM Radio Access GERAN

GSM Infrastructure

Public Network


NSS

PSTN N ISDN B ISDN IP based Networks

New Radio Access UTRAN

And


Dual mode

GSN s

Evolution approach based on GSM Infrastructure

Evolution Approach

Evolutionary approach for the GSM Air Interface


In this approach the GSM air interface has evolved within GSM phase 2 to support higher rate data services The most important developments in this approach are 1 General Packet Radio Services GPRS 2 High Speed Circuit Switched Data HSCSD 3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EDGE

It is referred to GSM EDGE Radio Access Network GERAN

UMTS Phase I PSTN
Circuit Switched GSM
C

PDN HLR
Gr D Gs Gc

Internet GGSN
Gn

GMSC

SMSC VLR
Iu cs Iu cs

SGSN
Iu ps Iu ps

RNC Node B Node B

RNC Node B Node B

UTRAN



Packet Switched GPRS

Applications Services

Legacy mobile signalling network SGW
Ms Mm

Mh HSS HLR Gr TE R MT Um GERAN Iu PS UTRAN Uu Gn Gc

Multimedia IP networks

Cx

CSCF
Gi Mr MRF Gi

Mg Gi

MGCF
Mc

SGSN
Gp Gn Gf

GGSN
Gi

TE R

MT

MGW

PSTN legacy external

EIR

GGSN Other PLMN

SGSN

Signalling interface Signalling and data transfer interface

Simplified architecture for the support of IP based multimedia services in 3GPP release 5

New Functional Entities for the All IP Architecture
Call State Control Function CSCF executes the call control It is based on the IETF Session Initiation Protocol SIP Media GateWay MGW provides an inter connection from GGSN to legacy circuit switched networks such as PSTN Media Gateway Control Function MGCF controls the MGW Media Resource Function MRF performs multiparty call and multimedia conferencing functions Signalling GateWay SGW performs signalling conversion to from legacy mobile signalling network Home Subscriber Server HSS is an evolved HLR

4G Concept

Towards 4G
User centric user controlled services and context aware applications

4G Concept

What does user controlled services mean What

The user has freedom and flexibility to select any desired service with reasonable QoS and affordable price anytime anywhere using any device in a secure manner

4G Concept

What does context aware applications mean What
A context aware application means the behaviour of the application adapts itself to user context changes User context includes user profile and preferences user device and access network capabilities user environment and mobility

Technologies

Challenges
Convergence integration inter working of all existing and emerging fixed and mobile wired and wireless networks including broadcast

IP Technology



Simple to select and easy to use desired services

Agent Technology Reconfigurable Technology



Universal and low cost terminals

Network Level Concepts

Inter working Concept Integration Concept

Interworking Integration
For the design of next generation wireless networks two different approaches are currently being considered They are Interworking with next generation Internet tight coupling Integration within next generation Internet very tight coupling In the first approach the access network and the core network use different IP protocols and mechanisms and only the core network is considered as a sub network of the Internet In the second approach both the core and access networks use common IP based protocols and mechanisms and the access network is considered as a sub network of the Internet

Inter Working
Billing SIP Proxy Server Signalling WAP Gateway Accounting

VHE

ISP

The Internet Satellite FES IP backbone Broadcast Networks DAB DVB T GSM GPRS UMTS
IP based micro mobility Context aware information Centre

Wireless LANs

Integration
Applications
AP1 AP2 AP3 APn

Middleware Service support sub layer Location Accounting billing Media conversion Distribution

Basic network management sub layer RRM MM C SM
Security

QoS

ISDN PSTN

IP based transport NW IP Radio

IP

IP IP Radio

IP Internet

IP Radio

IP

General architecture of the IP based IMT network platform

Hierarchical coverage layers for 4G

IP based backbone

Global coverage Regional coverage
DAB and DVB T DVB S

Satellite

National coverage

2G 3G and 4G Cellular

Local area coverage Personal area coverage

Wireless LANs

Wireless PANs Vertical Handover

Horizontal Handover

The complexity of the problem user prospective
From a user prospective Multiple Heterogeneous network operators part of Multiple user environments accessed using Multiple heterogeneous devices owned by heterogeneous users

UMTS

DVB

WLAN

Laptop

PDA

The complexity of the problem network prospective
From a network prospective Multiple Heterogeneous network operators providing Multiple services through multiple access networks to users with heterogeneous devices
Service B Service C Service
Downward Vertical Handover 1 2 i e GPRS WLAN

Operator D

Operators
Upward Vertical Handover 2 3 i e WLAN Bluetooth

Operator C 2 Operator B Operator A Service A 3
Bluetooth GPRS WLAN

Access technology

1

A Heterogeneous Network Architecture

Future Internet

Core Network

UTRAN

WLAN

4G RAN

Wireless Access Network

PAN Intra Cell PAN Ad hoc Network PAN PAN PAN

Inter working between two radio access networks Open coupling

Inter working between two radio access networks Loose coupling

Inter working between two radio access networks Tight coupling

Inter working between two radio access networks Very tight coupling

IP network
SGSN HSS

Inter working examples caching
Location Profile

Query 2
CSCF

Response 3

Content transfer 5 Request mp3 s movie 1
Content Storage HTML Clips mp3 s games
MPEG 2 r eal time encoder

Gateway IP Encapsulator Carousal Generator local content

regional multiplexer

DVB T

Response 4

MPEG 2 r eal time encoder

ATM SDH leased network IP packet inserter Transport Multiplexer regional multiplexer
e llit te Sa

Pac ketis er

Stream server

DVB T

Petrol station
Cache Server

WLAN

Content transfer 6

Retrieve content

Inter working examples user centric
Delivery options

Content Delivery Notification Content video clip 15MB Service Music Clips Company MTV Please select delivery options Send to PDA 5 eur 15min Send to office PC 10 eur 7min Send to STB 20 eur 2min

Network provides device delivery options including cost and delivery times

User selects desired destination

Slide 30 40 Slide

Inter working examples network centric
Load balancing i e Using DVB to multicast or broadcast to large number of
users

Handovers i e Users in train moving outside the coverage of a network

Slide 31 40

Network Selection Network
Most Appropriate Network Selection Criteria

Service Type
Data rate QoS

Available Resources User Context
Environment When and Where Mobility User preferences

Convergence
Convergence of Cellular Mobile Networks and WLANs Benefits
For cellular mobile operators Higher bandwidths Lower cost of networks and equipment The use of licence exempt spectrum Higher capacity and QoS enhancement Higher revenue For users Access to broadband multimedia services with lower cost and where mostly needed e g in Central Business Districts and Business Customer Premises Inter network roaming

Convergence
Convergence of Mobile Communications and Broadcasting Drivers
From broadcaster point of view


Introducing interactivity to their unidirectional point to multipoint broadcasting systems That is a broadband downlink based on DAB DVB T and a narrowband uplink based on 2G 3G cellular systems

From the cellular mobile operator point of view


Providing a complementary broadband downlink in vehicular environments to support IP based multi media traffic which is inherently asymmetrical

Convergence
Benefits


Broadcasters will benefit from the use of cellular mobile systems to adapt the content of their multi media services more rapidly in response to the feedback from customers operators will benefit from offering their customers a range of new broadband multi media services in vehicular environments

Cellular



Users will benefit from faster access to a range of broadband multimedia services with reasonable QoS and lower cost

IP Layer Model IP

Steve Deering Cisco Fifty first IETF London England August 5 10 2001

IP Layer Model for WLANs
Higher Layers Additional IP Functions Mobility Management Quality of Service AAA IP Sec Ad Hoc Routing etc

Native IP Functions Routing Addressing Packet Formatting and Handling Data Interface Error Control Buffer Management QoS Support Segmentation Reassembly Header Compression Multicast Support Control Interface Configuration Management Address Management QoS Control Handover Control Idle Mode Support Security Management

IP Network Layer

IP Convergence Layer

Lower Layers

IP Layer Model


The functionalities and structure of the IP layer model are not sufficient and or efficient to achieve the requirements of future inter worked or integrated networks No fundamental changes have been made in the design of IPV6 The question is Are some radical changes needed to the IP layer model in order to offer better solutions to the convergence issue If yes what are the consequences and implications





Agent Definition
An agent is a software component object that is situated within an execution environment e g computers and acts autonomously on behalf of a user or process and has specific goal

AP AP

AP AP
2G 3G WLAN
Service Centre

AP Agent Platform

Agent Technology
Mandatory features Reactive senses changes in the environment and reacts in accordance Autonomous has control over its own actions Goal driven is pro active Optional features Collaborative communicates negotiates with other agents Mobile travels from one host to another Learning adapts in accordance with previous experience
Believable appears believable to the end user

Mobile vs Static Agents
request respond

Client

Server
request respond

Client

Server

Software components that can migrate under their own control from host to host in a network or between networks

Mobile Agents
Mobile agents have already been used for network monitoring and service delivery including education at a distance In an ever increasing world of service providers and service packages a user demands a simple approach to the selection of the desired service and its delivery mechanism in real time with least effort This can be achieved through the use of mobile agents The use of mobile agents can also overcome the constraints imposed on applications by the limited processing power and speed of mobile terminals

Agent Technology
An open question An

Static or mobile agents for wireless networks What are the pros and cons

Re configurable Technology What does Reconfiguration mean Reconfiguration refers to the software re definition and or adaptation of every element within each layer of the communication chain

RF Front End

A D Converter D A Converter

Baseband Processing

User Data

Re configurable Technology
Benefits

Users
Select network depending on service requirements and cost Connect to any network Worldwide roaming Access to new services

Operators
Respond to variations in traffic demand load balancing Incorporate service enhancements and improvements Correction of software bugs and upgrade of terminals Rapid development of new personalised and customised services

Manufacturers
Single platform for all markets Increased flexible and efficient production

Re configuration Procedures
Reconfiguration Trigger Mode Monitoring Mode Identification Mode Negotiation Mode Switch Decision Download software modules that are required for the target mode Software Download Initiated by network operator or user What networks are available What is the most suitable network based on QoS user preferences etc Decision on preferred mode

Reconfigure Terminal

Re configurable Technology CHALLENGES
Regulatory and Standardisation issues Business models User preference profiles Inter system handover mechanisms and criteria Software download mechanisms Flexible spectrum allocation and sharing between operators Enabling Technologies RF and antenna elements ADC DAC etc

Conclusion

Reconfigurable Technology

IP Technology

4G Vision

Agent Technology