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Content Area Reading - Transcript
Content Area Reading
Susan Roberts
K12 Literacy Specialist
Jefferson County Schoolssroberts@k12tn.net
www.jcschools.net
Never forget, you are working
with a teenager.
Brain of a Female Adolescent
Brain of a Male Adolescent
Research:
Approximately 50% of the nation’s
unemployed youth (ages 1621) are
functionally illiterate with no prospects
of obtaining good jobs.
75% of today’s jobs require at least a
ninth grade reading level.
Illiteracy costs the U.S. approximately
$20 billion per year.
~U.S. Census Bureau, 2007
Literacy Levels
Content area teachers are compelled to
teach reading and writing in their content
area……
Do I Really Have to Teach Reading? Content Comprehension,
Grades 612, Chris Tovani, 2004
I Read It, But I Don’t Get It…Comprehension Strategies for
Adolescent Readers, Chris Tovani, 2000
Mosaic of Thought, Teaching Comprehension in a Reader’s
Workshop, Keene and Zimmermann, 1997
Strategies That Work, Teaching Comprehension for
Understanding and Engagement, 2nd edition, Stephanie
Harvey and Anne Goudvis, 2007
Building Academic Vocabulary, Marzano, R.J., Pickering, D.J.
Guided Reading:
Always focused on comprehension
Teachers choose the material and
purpose
Students are guided to use reading
strategies; teacher modeling
All types of reading materials are used
Goals of Guided Reading in Upper Grade Classrooms:
to teach comprehension strategies
to teach students how to read and respond to all types of literature including content texts
to develop background knowledge and vocabulary
to provide as much instructionallevel material as possible
to maintain the selfconfidence and motivation of struggling readers
The Magnificent Seven
Comprehension Strategies
Make Connections
Make Inferences
Ask Questions
Determine Importance
Create Mental Images – Visualize
Synthesize
Use Appropriate FixUp Strategies
(adapted from Keene & Zimmerman, 1997)
Why teach Comprehension
Strategies?
Many upper grades students are passive readers…
They stare at the page, read the words, but can’t tell you what they’ve read.
Yet, use of comprehension strategies is essential for success!
Active Readers are…
Engaged with the text
Making Connections
Thinking as they read
Anticipation Guide
Activity: BDA Thinking
Anticipation Guide for:
“How Many Insect Parts and Rodent Hairs are Allowed in Your Food?”From www.SixWise.com
Agree: Statement: Disagree:
_____Insect parts and rodent hairs are a rarity in our food. _____
_____We eat at least one pound of insects per year. _____
_____There are no guidelines regulating insect parts in food. _____
_____There are no contaminants in orange juice. _____
_____Rodent hairs in food are dangerous to your health. _____
Anticipation Guides
What is it?
a graphic organizer used to create a sense of
anticipation and help the reader connect
background knowledge to new content
a set of 35 statements pulled from the text
(lifting text)
Students read the statements and agree or
disagree.
ThinkAlong / Think Aloud
Thinking is the essence of reading!
Reading is more than just saying words!
Reading is thinking! Hmmm…
Through the ThinkAloud Strategy, students think about three types of connections:
(Keene and Zimmerman (1997)
♦Text to self: What experiences in
your life does this remind you of?
♦Text to text: What other text have
you read that is relevant here?
♦Text to world: What prior knowledge
is relevant here?
♦Activity: T-S T-T T-W
Guided
Reading
Strategies
Before Reading:
Students bring and use prior
knowledge about the topic.
The teacher sets the focus or
purpose for the reading and
assigns the amount of text to
be read.
Purpose is
everything!
It determines:
What is important in the
text
What is remembered
What comprehension
strategy the reader uses to
enhance meaning
Handout
The Housee se
Set
Purpose
Dealing with nonfiction text
structure:
Table of Contents
Chapter Headings & Subheadings
Index
Glossary
Diagrams, charts, maps,
graphs
Preview the Text
Let Your Fingers Do the Walking
(Jan Rozzelle and Carol Scearce, 2007)
Scan pages looking at titles, headings, graphics and other features.
Flag pages that spark interest. (Sticky note)
Browse for 3 minutes and be ready to share.
Four – eight students share topics.
(Post on Data Wall)
Read Around the Text
“Read” charts, graphs and
diagrams. Use questioning and
discussion.
Take notes on TCharts, Data
Charts, Feature Matrix, etc.
During Reading:
Students are engaged in reading which includes:
Skimming and scanning
Searching for meaning
Predicting information
Constructing meaning
Rereading parts of the selections for better
understanding
Discussing the text with others
Making notes
After Reading:
Students are engaged in:
Reacting and responding to what they have
read
Thinking about what they have read
Writing in response to what they have read
Discussing what they have read
B-D-A with every reading/writing assignment
Questioning the Author
Do not just understand what the author is
saying, rather figure out what the author
means.
If you find that your students cannot
answer the questions because the
passage “didn’t say!” then your students
may need their reading guided by a
strategy called “Questioning the
Author.”
Planning a QTA Lesson:
The teacher carefully reads the text and decides:
what the important ideas are – what problems students might have with the ideas
how much of the text to read before stopping for discussion
what queries to pose to help students construct meaning
The teacher’s job is to pose queries that can help students use what they know to figure out what the author means.
QTA continues with the teacher telling the students how much to read and posing both initiating and followup queries.
Figure out what the author means….not just what he says!
(see Reasoning Through the Text – STW)
Sticky Notes, Bookmarks,
and Highlighters:
Use these tools to mark important things you want
to go back to after reading.
Students read with purpose when they use these
tools.
Teach students to “leave evidence” and “code
the text.”
Consider using this strategy for vocabulary also.
This is how adults read.
and
Coding the Text
Keeps students actively engaged while reading the text.
Mark the text with marginalia
Use Stickynotes
Assign codes: * ? !
Also: BK I S P TS TT TW VIP
Create your own codes!
Activity: Coding Text
Strategies for building
background knowledge:
Circle of Questions Sampson, M.B., Sampson,
M.R., & Linek, W. (1994)
Sticky Notes, Bookmarks, Highlighters
Cunningham, P., Hall, D. (1998)
KWL and KWL PLUS Buehl, Doug, (2001)
Bubble Map Memphis Content Literacy Academy
Double Bubble Marzano, R.J., Pickering, D.J.
(2005)
TChart Harvey and Goudvis (2007)
Circle of Questions: Allows students to
brainstorm and organize information prior
to reading.
Before reading:
Students form small groups.
Topic is given and students are given a period of
time to brainstorm questions about the topic.
When time is up, draw a circle on the board or
overhead transparency and write students’ questions
around the circle.
Students put the questions into categories.
Questions within the same category are color coded.
Each group then chooses a category to research.
During reading:
Students research their selected
category while making notes for
reporting/writing about their category.
The questions can then be turned into
their headings.
Circle of Questions
Circle of Questions
After reading:
Student work may be shared through various formats.
This process enables students to see how questions can become the headings in informational text and that authors often organize the information under headings by first asking questions.
Activity: during informational text reading, have students turn the headings into questions.
KWL and KWL Plus
K – What I Know
W – What I Want to Know
L – What I Learned
+ What I still Want to Know
Bubble Map: Use for main topic
and details
Use the same as a web to
gather information and sort it by
details. The main idea would
be listed in the center of the
web with details radiating like
spokes.
Double Bubble:
Use the same as a bubble map
(web) but double it and use the
center bubbles for similarities
and the outer bubbles for
differences.
TChart:
This provides students
with an organized
method of note taking
while reading
information or listening
to information being
given.
TChart:
Divide paper in half – two columns
Record words or key pints in the left column
Record definitions or explanations of key
points
Example:
Sitins Nonviolent demonstrations
held during the civil rights
movement
Handout
Focus:
Comprehension is what it’s all about!
Reading comprehension – and how to
teach it – is probably the area of literacy
about which we have the most
knowledge and the most consensus.
It is also probably the area that gets the
least attention in the classroom.












