Diagramming Sentences

Diagramming Sentences - Transcript

DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Diagramming sentences provides a way of picturing the
structure of a sentence. By placing the various parts of a
sentence in relation to the basic subject-verb relationship, we
can see how the parts fit together and how the meaning of a
sentence branches out, just as the branches of a plant ramify
from the stem in space and time. Most students who work at
diagramming sentences derive a clearer understanding of how
sentences work — as well as satisfaction in the pictorial
rendering of sentence structure. This presentation touches upon
only the basics of diagramming. Use the hyperlinks back to the
Guide to Grammar and Writing (this color) for additional
information.
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
We begin, naturally, with the representation of a very simple
sentence:
Glaciers melt.
We will place the subject-verb relationship on a straight
horizontal line . . .
Glaciers melt
and separate the subject from its verb with a short
vertical line extending through the horizontal line.
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Modifiers (including articles) go under the words they modify
on slanted lines.
The glacier is melting slowly.
glacier is melting
The slowly
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
A direct object follows the verb on the horizontal line; it is
separated from the verb by a vertical line that does not go
through the horizontal line.
The glacier is slowly destroying the forest.
glacier is destroying
The slowly
forest
the
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Predicate nouns and predicate adjectives follow the verb and
are separated from the verb by a slanted line.
The glacier is not really dangerous.
glacier is
The
dangerous
not
really
Josiah Budnick is professor
a brilliant
Josiah Budnick is a brilliant professor.
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
With compound subjects and predicates, the sentence diagram
begins to branch out.
The professor and her colleagues are studying glaciers
and avalanches.
professor
The
colleagues
her
are studying
a
n
d
glaciers
avalanches
a
nd
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Compound verbs are put on branches in a similar fashion.
The professor and her colleagues are studying and
classifying glaciers.
professor
The
colleagues
her
a
n
d
are studying
classifying
a
nd glaciers
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Indirect objects are arranged under the main sentence line.
Professor Higgins gave her students two projects.
Professor Higgins gave projects
tw
o
studentsher
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Prepositional phrases are arranged on branches below the
words they modify.
Professor Higgins studied glaciers in Antarctica during
the 1950s.
Professor Higgins studied glaciers
Antarctica
in
1950s
the
during
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Gerund and infinitive phrases are displayed on standards —
except when the infinitive is a modifier.
Jorge likes to study glaciers.
Jorge likes
to
study glaciers
Studying glaciers is fun.
Study ing glaciers
is fun
His decision to study glaciers
was fortunate.
decision was fortunate
His to
study glaciers
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
The relationship between clauses in
compound and complex sentences is shown with a dotted line.
Glaciers are powerful forces, but they move very slowly.
Glaciers are forces
powerful
they move
slowlyvery
but
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
One last diagram: a complex sentence.
Professor Higgins invited Jorge to the conference because he
had written the best research paper.
Professor Higgins invited Jorge
to
conference
the
he had written paper
the
best
research
be
ca
us
e
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
Be sure to review the rest of the material on
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES in the Guide to Grammar and
Writing. Soon, you will be diagramming sentences in your sleep
and be the envy of the entire neighborhood! As a writer, you
will be surprised at the additional confidence you gain by
mastering these visual renderings of sentence patterns.
DIAGRAMMING SENTENCES
This PowerPoint presentation was created by
Charles Darling, PhD
Professor of English and Webmaster
Capital Community College
Hartford, Connecticut
copyright November 1999