Introduction to Management Informaiton Systems

Introduction to Management Informaiton Systems - Transcript

Management Information System

Susmi Routray sroutray imt edu

Information Technology
IT affects all aspects of human endeavor Managing and operating organizations
Business enterprises Government organizations Social and charitable organizations

Technologies Information Systems IS

People

Processes

Organizational mechanisms

Operating Environment
Due to the growth and pervasiveness of IT organizations are operating in a different environment
Globalization E enablement Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Management

Major trends that impacts IT Management
Who makes which IT decision Governance of IT Shifting from being handled exclusively by IS executives to being collaborative effort between IS and the business

Major trends that impacts IT Management
Role of IS Shifting from application delivery to system

integration and infrastructure development
Outsourcing major responsibility of IS is developing and

managing relationships with external service providers ESPs

How IT is being managed in leadingedge enterprises

Information Age
To perform manual information work more quickly and

more efficiently
To manage work better Makes pervasive changes in the
structure and the operation of work business practices organizations industries global economies

How IT is being used
Management philosophies Characteristics of Principal resources Economic conditions

Organization Environment

s r e h t O

How IT is being used

Technological Advances

Does technology drives changes in the organization OR merely supports it

IT and its use

management

The Organizational Environment
The external business environment
How their firm competes Turbulent business world includes shorter and shorter

product cycles

The internal organizational Environment
How organization operates or are managed

The external business eThe internet economy nvironment
B2C B2B

Global marketplace
Mergers Internet allows companies to work globally Three main

operating arenas

Business ecosystems
Ecosystem is a web of relationships surrounding one or few

The external business eDecapitalization nvironment
Tangible capital equipment and buildings Intangible ideas intellectual capital and knowledge

Faster business cycles
Speed has become the essence To accelerate time to market or reduce cycle time often

depend on innovative use of IT

Accountability and Transparency
Greater transparency of corporate operations

The internal organizational From supply Push to Demand Pull Environment Self Service
Real Time Working Team Based Working Anytime Anyplace Information Work Outsourcing and Startegic Alliances Demise of Hierarchy team based organizational structure

Goals of the new work ELeverage knowledge globally nvironment
Organize for complexity Alliances and specialization

increase complexity
Work electronically

Handle continuous and discontinuous change Quality

management process re engineering

The Technology EHardware Trends nvironment
Software Trends Data Trends Communication Trends

There is a growing interdependence between a firm s information systems and its business capabilities Changes in strategy rules and business processes increasingly require changes in hardware software databases and telecommunications

Most of the firm s significant business relationships with customers suppliers and employees are digitally enabled and mediated Core business processes or logically related business tasks are accomplished through digital networks Key corporate assets intellectual property core competencies and financial and human assets are managed through digital means Business responses to changes in their environment are enhanced through digital communications allowing for time shifting business being conducted 24x7 and space shifting business being conducted globally or beyond traditional geographic boundaries

UPS Competes Globally wit

UPS Competes Globally with Parcel Service s operations are driven by its United Information information systems technology Beginning as a local Tdechnology UPS expanded on the West coast elivery service in 1907
initially reached New York in the 1930s and went international in the 1970s Today UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories A 1 5 billion technology investment in the 1980s buoyed the growth of UPS The investment enabled the development of the International Shipments Processing System ISPS which is the key to the company s overseas operations The technology infrastructure enables UPS to offer its customers services in addition to the basic shipment of

UPS Competes Globally with Information outputs of UPS s package What are the inputs processing and tracking system Technology

How important is information to the global expansion of UPS

What advantages does UPS gain by carefully capturing information
What technologies are used by UPS How are these

technologies related to UPS s business strategy
What problems do UPS s information systems solve What

would happen if these systems were not available
Discuss the role of volume in the business activities of UPS

The Mission of IS Organizations
To improve the performance of people in organizations through the use of IT

A Simple Model of Technology Use
System Analyst Information Technology System Development Users

System Professionals Bridging the Technology Gap
System Designer Information Specialist Expanded Information Technologies Sophisticated Products and Customers

Users Bridging the Technology Gap
System Designer Expanded Information Technologies End User Systems

Information Specialist

Sophisticated Products and Customers Knowledgeable Users

A Better Model
A set of technologies that represent the IT infrastructure

installed and managed by the IS department
A set of users who need to use IT to improve their job

performance
A delivery mechanism for developing delivering and

installing applications
Executive leadership to manage the entire process of

applying the technology to achieve organizational objectives and goals

Framework for IS Management
Essential Technologies Distributed Hardware and Software Infrastructure Management

Executive Leadership CIO CEO COO CFO etc System Development And Delivery Procedural Systems Information Workers

Procedure Based Information Work

Telecommunications Technologies Knowledge Based Support Systems Information Work

Information Resources

Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives Operational excellence Efficiency productivity and improved changes in business practices and management behavior New products services and business models A business model describes how a company produces delivers and sells a product or service to create wealth Information systems and technologies create opportunities for products services and new ways to engage in business Customer and supplier intimacy Improved communication and service to customers raises revenues and improved communication with suppliers lowers costs

Improved decision making Without accurate and timely information business managers must make decisions based on forecasts best guesses and luck a process that results in over and under production of goods raising costs and the loss of customers Competitive advantage Implementing effective and efficient information systems can allow a company to charge less for superior products adding up to higher sales and profits than their competitors Survival Information systems can also be a necessity of doing business A necessity may be driven by industry level changes as in the implementation of ATMs in the retail banking industry A necessity may also be driven by governmental regulations such as federal or state statutes requiring a business to retain data and report specific information

Summary
Major trends that impacts IT Management Information Age The Organizational Environment
The external business environment The internal organizational environment

Goals of new work environment Mission of IS organization Models of Technology use